23 December 2013

Foundation of Chemistry wrong - new discovery

Rarely does the research unearth truths that challenge the foundation of a science.

"I think this work is the beginning of a revolution in chemistry," Oganov says. "We found, at low pressures achievable in the lab, perfectly stable compounds that contradict the classical rules of chemistry. "We found crazy compounds that violate textbook rules -- NaCl3, NaCl7, Na3Cl2, Na2Cl, and Na3Cl," says Weiwei Zhang.
This opens all kinds of possibilities.

Among the compounds Oganov and his team created are two-dimensional metals, where electricity is conducted along the layers of the structure. "One of these materials -- Na3Cl -- has a fascinating structure," he says. "It is [composed of] layers of NaCl and layers of pure sodium. The NaCl layers act as insulators; the pure sodium layers conduct electricity. Systems with two-dimensional electrical conductivity have attracted a lot of interest."


Source: link
Unpublished: high temp superconductivitypheromones text message sent, implications of correlation between money & mean (TEDx) 

30 November 2013

New path of evolution - A Chrysalis towards order

"I think it very likely – in fact inevitable – that biological intelligence is only a transitory phenomenon, a fleeting phase in the evolution of the universe. If we build a machine with the intellectual capability of one human, then within 5 years, its successor is more intelligent than all humanity combined. 

ET machines would be infinitely more intelligent and durable than the biological intelligence that created them. Intelligent machines would be immortal, and would not need to exist in the carbon-friendly “Goldilocks Zones” current SETI searches focus on. An AI could self-direct its own evolution, each "upgrade" would be created with the sum total of its predecessor’s knowledge preloaded.
"I think we could spend at least a few percent of our time... looking in the directions that are maybe not the most attractive in terms of biological intelligence but maybe where sentient machines are hanging out." Shostak thinks SETI ought to consider expanding its search to the energy- and matter-rich neighborhoods of hot stars, black holes and neutron stars.
Before the year 2020, scientists are expected to launch intelligent space robots that will venture out to explore the universe for us.
Robotic exploration probably will always be the trail blazer for human exploration of far space. When you can take the human out of the loop, that is becoming very exciting."

29 November 2013

Star System Found - Similar to Ours


“We cannot stress just how important this discovery is. It is a big step in the search for a ‘twin’ to the Solar System, and thus also in finding a second Earth. No other planetary system shows such a similar ‘architecture’ to that of our cosmic home as does the planetary system around KOI-351. 

Just as in the Solar System, rocky planets with roughly the size of Earth are found close to the star, while, ‘gas giants’ similar to Jupiter and Saturn are found as you move away from the star.

Until now, 771 stars with planets have been identified. However, most of the exoplanets discovered so far are ’solitary’. Only 170 stars are known to be orbited by more than one planet. The outermost planet orbits the star at a distance of about 150 million kilometres, or roughly one Astronomical Unit (AU), so the entire planetary system is compressed into a space corresponding to the distance between Earth and the Sun.

To detect such small planets, a special algorithm was developed by Cabrera. Besides the size of these planets, what is remarkable is the 5:4 orbital resonance. In the time it takes planet b to complete five orbits, planet c has completes exactly four orbits. Similar resonances are found among the inner moons of Jupiter.

Sourcelink


Unpublished: early life on earth used fewer minerals, mission incredible :-),  

16 November 2013

Waves for a reason



Waves are waves for a reason, that makes sense - moving around an attractor. Link
Opposits creates balance, extension creates comparisons, dimension, 
Energy + Machine (recursive)

Unpublished: On road fueling, Science&Humanities-How&Why, Tin - the new Super conductor.

That's more what I thought. But what happens when we try to counter balance the phenomenon.

06 November 2013

Synaptic Transistor Learns While It Computes

Materials scientists at the Harvard have created a new type of transistor that mimics synaptic behavior. Exploiting unusual properties in modern materials, the synaptic transistor could mark the beginning of a new kind of artificial intelligence.


"The transistor we've demonstrated is really an analog to the synapse in our brains," says co-lead author Jian Shi, a postdoctoral fellow at SEAS. "Each time a neuron initiates an action and another neuron reacts, the synapse between them increases the strength of its connection. And the faster the neurons spike each time, the stronger the synaptic connection. Essentially, it memorizes the action between the neurons."

In principle, a system integrating millions of tiny synaptic transistors and neuron terminals could take parallel computing into a new era of ultra-efficient high performance.

While calcium ions and receptors effect a change in a biological synapse, the artificial version achieves the same plasticity with oxygen ions. When a voltage is applied, these ions slip in and out of the crystal lattice of a very thin (80-nanometer) film of samarium nickelate, which acts as the synapse channel between two platinum "axon" and "dendrite" terminals. The varying concentration of ions in the nickelate raises or lowers its conductance -- that is, its ability to carry information on an electrical current -- and, just as in a natural synapse, the strength of the connection depends on the time delay in the electrical signal.

The synaptic transistor offers several immediate advantages over traditional silicon transistors. For a start, it is not restricted to the binary system of ones and zeros.
"This system changes its conductance in an analog way, continuously, as the composition of the material changes," explains Shi. "It would be rather challenging to use CMOS, the traditional circuit technology, to imitate a synapse, because real biological synapses have a practically unlimited number of possible states -- not just 'on' or 'off.'"
The transistor modulates the information flow and at the same time physically adapts to changing signals. 

Compare to the human brain, with around 80 billion neurons, the world's best supercomputers are staggeringly inefficient and energy-intensive machinesThe human mind, for all its phenomenal computing power, runs on roughly 20 Watts of energy (less than a household light bulb).

Source: Science Daily

Unpublished: 

13 October 2013

Market society



It touches on today's Letter to the editor (debate):
Alt. A: One level of state services (all bound to one level of service)
Alt. B: Multiple levels of state services (all free to make the best choice - favors those that has the ability to 1. make the best choose, 2. pay for the best choice)

How could it work in a company?

Note that both the professor (speaker) and the article has a connection to Harvard.

Source: TED, DN

Unpublished: Availability&Lean time, Hoshin Kanri, 2, Toyota, Emotions, Episode 8.34:30, Work hours & GDP, OpenDataCensus+Excel, The logic in language

01 October 2013

UN, Environment, Carbon prohibition laws?

Notes:
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 1972 Stockholm (Wikipedia) --: 26 principles

Meetings: Agenda 21, Earth summit, Kyoto protocol
Monitors: IPCC, IPCC 2013
Actions: A UN sanctioned Prohibition of carbon-based release into the environment? 

Water locked in ice: 
Antarctica: +60meter, Greenland: +0.5meter



Unpublished: Exponential growth, IKEA - all in on sustainability, SolarPanelPrices

DNA programming language

Similar to using Python or Java to write code for a computer, chemists soon could be able to use a structured set of instructions to "program" how DNA molecules interact in a test tube or cell.

Source: link










Unpublished: Music and Poetry, Music and Bird song, Physic-Chemistry-Biology (as old as Africa&SouthAmerica), Placebo - belief works, Egg-Sperm linked to Multicellular development

24 September 2013

Life is an molecular engine propelled by (made for) evolution

"To Nowak, evolution is a well defined process that can be described as precise mathematical equations. Nowak believes that "the same principals governing complex life forms must have been present at the earliest, simplest molecular levels otherwise the origin of life would depend on an unlikely collection of disparate random events."
-I agree.

To Nowak Early Earth's "prelife was not a primordial soup of chemicals, but an active generative phenomenon in which mutation and selection were already acting on molecules. Only when some of them began reproducing, out competing the others, did life begin."
- and a feedback system, with mainly positive disturbances and cross transfers.
--> it's a natural phenomenon 

Source: link

Unpublished: Drake formula (2013: there is a 75% chance to find ET 1.400-4.000 light years away or 0-15.785 advanced technological societies could exist in the Milky Way)

22 September 2013

15 August 2013

Teleportation chip - Quantum communication

Aug. 14, 2013 — ETH-researchers - have managed to teleport information from A to B -- for the first time in an electronic circuit, similar to a computer chip.

Physicists at ETH Zurich have for the first time successfully teleported information in a so-called solid state system. The researchers did it by using a device similar to a conventional computer chip. The essential difference to a usual computer chip is that the information is not stored and processed based on the laws of classical physics, but on those of quantum physics.

Quantum teleportation does not transport the information carrier itself, but only the information. "Quantum teleportation is comparable to beaming as shown in the science fiction series Star Trek," says Wallraff. "The information does not travel from point A to point B. Instead, it appears at point B and disappears at point A, when read out at point B." 

In this system approximately 10,000 quantum bits can be teleported per second.

In a next step, the researchers plan to increase the distance between sender and receiver in their device. The scientists say, they will try to teleport information from one chip to another. And in the long term the goal will be to explore whether quantum communication can be realised over longer distances with electronic circuits, more comparable to those achieved today with optical systems.

Compared to today's information and communication technologies, which are based on classical physics, quantum information processing has the advantage that the information density is much higher: In quantum bits more information can be stored and more efficiently processed than in classical bits.

Source: ScienceDaily

Unpublished: Photon based Quantum teleportation with 80% accuracy, Quantum measurement barrier brokenCancers mutation process described, heavy light

26 July 2013

Prime pattern vortex


Interesting. Wonder how far this pattern can repeat itself?
The intuitive feeling is of a Conic spiral in terraces, with some kind of bend - maybe linked to the prime constant.

Klingemann Prime Number Spiral
Picture: Klingemann Prime Number Spiral - ot not

Source: link, prime number vortex

Unpublished: Climate change in your area

13 July 2013

Krypton memory crystals - now in the lab


"Coined as the 'Superman' memory crystal, as the glass memory has been compared to the "memory crystals" used in the Superman films, the data is recorded via self-assembled nanostructures created in fused quartz, which is able to store vast quantities of data for over a million years. The information encoding is realised in five dimensions: the size and orientation in addition to the three dimensional position of these nano-structures. 

Using nano-structured glass, scientists at the University of Southampton have, for the first time, experimentally demonstrated the recording and retrieval processes of five dimensional digital data by femto-second laser writing. The storage allows unprecedented parameters including 360 TB/disc data capacity, thermal stability up to 1000°C and practically unlimited lifetime."

Source: ScienceDaily

Unpublished: Levitate dropletsPresentationZen, ?, Integrated reporting, CodesOfConduct12P&G 1pager 

02 July 2013

Habitable planets doubled



Left: Cloud cover can doubles the number of potentially habitable planets orbiting red dwarfs - most common type of stars. Right: Planets are found through the dimming of the light, and wobbling.

Source: ScienceDaily on Google+
Unpublished: MonoLayer Transistor, Hans Rosling TwitterThe UN Millennium Development Goals Report, Shoutcast Radio stations, Earths mantle stable

26 June 2013

Biological energy from radiation?

How is it that a complex organism evolves from a pile of dead matter? How can lifeless materials become organic molecules that are the bricks of animals and plants? Scientists have been trying to answer these questions for ages. Researchers at the Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung have now disclosed the secret of a reaction that has to do with the synthesis of complex organic matter before the origin of life.
Since the 1960's it has been well known that when concentrated hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is irradiated by UV light, it forms an imidazole intermediate that is a key substance for synthesis of nucleobases and nucleotides in abiotic environment. "As I said before, this reaction has nothing to do with heat," says Barbatti. The transformation works in a cold environment, as in comets and in terrestrial ices, where spontaneous HCN polymerization is most expected to occur.

Source: ScienceDaily

10 May 2013

Infographics fonts

'Power Plants': How to Harvest Electricity Directly from Plants

Ramaraja Ramasamy, right, and Yogeswaran Umasankar work together to capture energy created during photosynthesis.

Plants are the undisputed champions of solar power. After billions of years of evolution, most of them operate at nearly 100 percent quantum efficiency, meaning that for every photon of sunlight a plant captures, it produces an equal number of electrons. Converting even a fraction of this into electricity would improve upon the efficiency seen with solar panels.

During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight to split water atoms into hydrogen and oxygen, which produces electrons. These newly freed electrons go on to help create sugars that plants use much like food to support growth and reproduction.

In small-scale experiments, this approach resulted in electrical current levels that are two orders of magnitude larger than those previously reported in similar systems. "In the near term, this technology might best be used for remote sensors or other portable electronic equipment that requires less power to run" 

Source: link

01 May 2013

Evolution


Inventions comes first (the fun of solving a problem),
then we figure out how far we can go with our new tools. Now where will it happen, and under what morals...
So can we set a path with enough inertia today to take us to where we want to be - our legacy.

21 April 2013

Animated overlapping of diseases


Animated overlapping of diseases well done.

Source: link

16 April 2013

Most Powerful Microbatteries


The most powerful batteries on the planet are only a few millimeters in size, yet they pack such a punch that a driver could use a cellphone powered by these batteries to jump-start a dead car battery -- and then recharge the phone in the blink of an eye. 

"This is a whole new way to think about batteries," The new microbatteries offer both power and energy, and by tweaking the structure a bit, the researchers can tune them over a wide range on the power-versus-energy scale.
With so much power, the batteries could enable sensors or radio signals that broadcast 30 times farther, or devices 30 times smaller. The batteries are rechargeable and can charge 1,000 times faster than competing technologies
"Any kind of electronic device is limited by the size of the battery -- until now" ... like RFID.

Source: link

Unpublishded: 2D semiconductors (0,7nm x 15layers)

14 April 2013

What makes us feel good about our work (and life)?


Purpose & Progress; appreciated progress towards a purpose
Builders v.s. Evaluators; the process & the end product
Efficiency & Meaning; putting meaning in each step of the process.
Teamwork, department, company, society, humanity, life; scales of layers of the above.


Unpublished: Science litteracy & Std of living, ROI/ROC (output/input)

07 April 2013

What is your social class?

People in the UK now fit into seven social classes, a major survey conducted by the BBC suggests. More than 161,000 people took part in the Great British Class Survey (the largest study of class in the UK.). Take the Quick test. This research suggests that class has three dimensions - economic, social and cultural.

  • Elite - the most privileged group in the UK, distinct from the other six classes through its wealth. This group has the highest levels of all three capitals
  • Established middle class - the second wealthiest, scoring highly on all three capitals. The largest and most gregarious group, scoring second highest for cultural capital
  • Technical middle class - a small, distinctive new class group which is prosperous but scores low for social and cultural capital. Distinguished by its social isolation and cultural apathy
  • New affluent workers - a young class group which is socially and culturally active, with middling levels of economic capital
  • Traditional working class - scores low on all forms of capital, but is not completely deprived. Its members have reasonably high house values, explained by this group having the oldest average age at 66
  • Emergent service workers - a new, young, urban group which is relatively poor but has high social and cultural capital
  • Precariat, or precarious proletariat - the poorest, most deprived class, scoring low for social and cultural capital

01 April 2013

Non profit organisations & CEO Salaries





"Activist and fundraiser Dan Pallotta calls out the double standard that drives our broken relationship to charities. Too many nonprofits, he says, are rewarded for how little they spend -- not for what they get done. "

Charity to who: TED videovia blog postcharitywatch
...'dividend transfer' from the profit to non-profit sector...how inefficient when taxes is not an option.

Unpublished: How to create high profit, Bibliotekstoppen - Ekonomi, Economic democracy (company governance), DN, The employees are never a problem

29 March 2013

The Art of Compliment


"Linguists love categorizing things and, by analyzing thousands of nice things people say to each other, they’ve developed three ways of easily pigeon-holing any given compliment. The first step in coding a compliment is working out if it’s formulaic or non-formulaic. You see, perhaps the most surprising thing about most compliments is how similar they are to one another—in fact, they’re downright unoriginal."

Source: link

Unpublished: Coffe/Tea and cancer (Caffeine-'Addicted' Bacteria), Households by income group

26 March 2013

3D Printing revolution - shapeways



Make anything you can imagine: Shapeways, source, further
The 3D printers are today roughly where the PC was in the 1980s.

Updated: 4Dprinting

24 March 2013

Importance in Life for Happiness (OECD Life Index survey)

Picture: What is Important in life (OECD Life Index survey)?

There is more to life than the cold numbers of GDP and economic statistics – This Index allows you to compare well-being across countries, based on 11 topics the OECD has identified as essential, in the areas of material living conditions and quality of life.

How to measure happiness and why it matters

On the International Day of Happiness, 20 March 2013 the OECD released a detailed set of Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being. This is essentially a handbook for statisticians involved in collecting and publishing information on subjective well-being (measures of life satisfaction, happiness, and similar concepts).

The vision comes from Bhutan
Leading the movement to remake what we measure has been the tiny, mountainous Asian nation of Bhutan, population of 740,000. Its goal is "Gross National Happiness.


Source: OECDHuffington Post

18 March 2013

17 March 2013

Programming life? Look for Low complexity

Good to find others with a similar sense, but a different aim.
"Both art and science are by-products of the desire to create / discover more data that is compressible in hitherto unknown ways!" 

"Add two successive Fibonacci numbers such as 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ... and you'll get the next. The corresponding ratios 1/1, 1/2, 2/3, 3/5, 5/8, 8/13, 13/21, 21/34, ... converge to the harmonic proportion: 1/2 (square root of 5) - 1/2 = 0.618034... This so-called golden ratio divides the unit interval into segments of lengths a and b such that a/b=b. So the inverse of 0.618034... is 1.618034... whose square is 2.618034... etc. Many artists claim the human eye prefers the golden ratio over others.". link
--> successive improvements, can felt/know by a simple KPI.
Beauty is a stage, interesting is a move in the right direction.

"The algorithmic information or Kolmogorov complexity of a bitstring x is the length of the shortest program that computes x and halts. This is one of the fundamental concepts of theoretical computer science.". link
--> computers use dual digit language; bits. Life (most likely) use a different algorithm, built on a multi-digit language - from x-number of atoms. Recursive learning; learn to read, test write, evaluate.

It comes in all senses; visual, auditory, ... etc (incl. balance).

Future predictions:  "A flat minimum is a large connected region in weight-space where the error remains approximately constant.": link, pareto from the normative

And more, more, and much more...